Rotary drilling rig

The drilling rig consists of a set of equipment and machinery located on the so-called drilling site and normally the rig is not owned by the oil company but by drilling service companies, which hire out the rig complete with operators and which construct the well according to the client’s specifications.
1)The rotating system
The rotating system allow the rotation of the drill string, and it consists of the rotary table, the kelly and the swivel;
In modern rigs, a top drive groups together the functions of the above three items of equipment.
2)The circulation system
The circulation system consists of mud pumps, distribution lines, and the mud cleaning and accumulation system;
It is the closed hydraulic circuit which allows the mud to flow from the surface to the bottom of the hole, inside the drill string, and subsequently back to the surface, in the drillstring borehole annulus;
The mud from the hole has to have the cuttings removed before being reinjected to the bottom of the hole and the mud pumps supply the energy necessary for circulation;
The choice of drilling fluid is dictated mainly by the characteristics of the formations to be drilled, by their drillability and reactivity to water, and by problems of disposing of the spent fluid;
Drilling fluids have many functions to perform including:

• The removal and transport to the surface of the cuttings produced by the bit;
• The control of the formation pressure;
• The prevention of caving and collapse of the borehole walls;
• The slowing down of the sedimentation of the cuttings when circulation stops;
• The cooling and lubrication of the drilling equipment;
• The sources of geological and stratigraphic information.
• Drilling fluids are subdivided into three major classes:
• Water based muds;
• Oil based muds;
• Air -based muds (used to reduce bottomhole pressure, to avoid circulation losses in surface layers, or to limit damage to productive formations).

3)The power generation system
A power generation system is needed to run the machines driving the main components of the rig and it is provided by diesel engines, diesel-electric engines;
Power is transferred from the engines to the different rig systems by belts, chains, and drive shafts on a mechanical rig, or by generatedDC electrical power on an electric rig and it is distributed to the rotary table and mud pumps and to the drawworks.

4)The drill string

The drill string is an assemblage of hollow pipes of circular section, extending from the surface to the bottom of the hole.
It has three functions:

• it takes the drilling bit to the bottom of the hole, while transmitting its rotation and its vertical load to it;
• it permits the circulation of the drilling fluid to the bottom of the hole;
• it guides and controls the trajectory of the hole.

Starting from the surface, drill string consists of: a kelly, drill pipes, intermediate pipes, drill collars and a number of accessory items of equipment (stabilizers, reamers, jars, shock absorbers, downhole motors, etc.), and it ends with the bit;
The bit is connected on to the end of the drill string – it is the tool that bores the rock, transforming it into fragments called cuttings, which are then transported to the surface by the drilling fluid;
The choice of the type of bit depends on the hardness, abrasiveness and drillability of the rock formation.

Our reverse circulation drilling equipment is suited to all rock drilling methodologies; conventional rotary, down-the-hole hammer or cluster drill. It is well suited for rock drilling up to 2.5 meters in diameter and pairs seamlessly with industry tested lead systems.

To understand the advantage of reverse circulation drilling one must understand that direct circulation is limited because the method simply lets water and cuttings come to the surface and spill over the side of the pile free flow to the lowest point in the area.

LPG PUMP
The pump is a multistage self-priming Sterling SIHI type CEHA connected through anti-explosive flexible link with anti-explosive electric motor on a common metallic base, air-separator complete with check valves, by pass, security, spherical valves according to the EU directive PED 97/23.

LPG DISTRIBUTOR
The proposed distributors of TOKHAIM, WAYNE, EUROPUMP, comply with legislation, have communication capability with all the consoles used by the stations, have boards with LCD displays with Backlight, a supply of 45lit/min, and maximum operating pressure of at least 25 bar with an accuracy of 0.5%.

UNDERWATER LPG PUMP
Multistage submersible immersion pump equipped with Bypass valve and manifold system for safe operation and easy maintenance.

FIRE DETECTION/EXTINGUISHING SYSTEM
An automatic fire detection and extinguishing system will be installed in the tanks. Over the manhole of the tank and at a height of 0,60m we manually place an extinguishing system which is activated by two anti-explosive heat-proof detectors.

The system consists of the fire panel, two anti-explosive heat-proof detectors that, in case they are activated, trigger the siren, strobe and extinguishing system. The fire extinguishing system consists of the bottle with the extinguishing material and the pipes over the manhole of the tank.

GAS DETECTION
The system consists of a gas detection table of 4 zones and 4 anti-explosive heat-proof detectors that are placed near the distributor, the pump, the manhole of the tank and the filling point. The electrical installation of the detectors is anti-explosive.

Upon detecting the existence of an explosive mixture in any of the above points, the system is activated via the central control panel, thus closing pneumatic safety valves in the gas networks and the power supply of the installation, while the risk announcement siren is switched on.

PNEUMATIC SECURITY SYSTEM
The pneumatic security system consists of pneumatic engines that close the valves of the gas networks in case of an emergency. Remote-controlled valves are placed as close to the area of the tank as possible, as well as of the liquid and gas return phase pipes, of the filling network of the tank, and of the liquid and gas phase distribution dispenser tubes. These valves are switched off by either activating the extinguishing system, the explosive gas detection system or the emergency operating buttons.

 

CONTROL CENTER
LPG sealed Electronic Table, class IP 55. This table will be supplied by the General Table of stations as well as, the pumps of the tank, the magnetic net level meter, the electronic heads of the distributor, the lighting of the distributor, and controls the pneumatic safety valves. Attached to the table are the explosive gas detectors, which include fault testator diagnosis system, LCD color visualization displays and information of the user.

ELECTRONIC GROUNDING SYSTEM
An Interlock system is installed in-between the station security system and the insecurity system of the tank. Therefore, during the delivery phase it equalizes electric charges so that there is no static electricity in the tank. If necessary the Interlock system switches off the valves of the tank. This system is built and certified according to ATEX.

TEMPERATURE & LEVEL MEASURING BAR
A special sensor (bar) of suitable length is installed in the tank for measuring the level of gas and temperature. This sensor exceeds even the most demanding specification accuracy internationally, achieving excellent accuracy in fuel level change detection. This bar can also be used in the future to connect to any compatible input-output system of the station.